Andreas Cariolou discoved the Kyrenia shipwreck in 1965. Country/Region. used to visit the port of Kyrenia regularly coming from the Aegean islands and even reaching the coasts of Syria and Palestine. So, it was decided to dismantle the larger western side of the hull on the bottom, and raise each piece separately. hope and freedom and took part in a number of events all over the world. It was built by joining its outer planks first using copper spikes and then building its internal struts which is the opposite way to the way modern ships are constructed. The hull was preserved extensively, including all of the keel, more than half of the stem, and 22 strakes of outer planking. The challenge of building a seagoing hull capable of many years of service was, as the Kyrenia Ship demonstrates, ably answered by her designers. 163173. 29 millstones were laden on over the keel in three rows and also served as ballast. Penn Museum 2023 Report Web Accessibility Issues and Get Help / Contact / Copyright / Disclaimer / Privacy /, Report Web Accessibility Issues and Get Help. In 1981 Manolis Psaros, a boat-builder in Parma, Greece undertook to build a full size replica of the Kyrenia ship. The wreck of the late fourth-century BC ship off the coast of Kyrenia, Cyprus, was found by Andreas Cariolou in 1965. The accomplishments of the 1969 expedition are the direct product of its spirited crew. Grid 4B (gap, under hull) The Kyrenia ship was built in the early 4 th century B.C. However, the collection was at serious risk of damage and a programme of conservation was required in order to preserve it. Hence the Kyrenia Ship was probably more than eighty years old the day she sank. The Kyrenia ship: An interim report on its Hull construction. Katzev, Susan Womer. Already many of the archaeologists, students, photographers, and technicians in the creweventually to number over fortyhad assembled, and full-scale diving operations began. It has allowed archaeologists to learn much more about the form and handling abilities of these now-vanished ships. Forward and aft of the amphora and millstone cargoes the excavators began uncovering more items from the ships cabins. 1970. The choice was now before us whether to rebury the wood for the winter (as previously planned) or toraise it in the remaining weeks of calm weather. At the stone quarry, probably on the island of Kos, masons carved letters of identification on the sides of these stones. Conservation of the raised artifacts took place between 1969 and 1974. Thus, the log of our merchant vessel might have told us of a trading ship sailing southward along the Anatolian coast, threading her way through the Dodecanese islands. 72-79. currently sailing under the flag of Marshall Islands. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. Kyrenia Shipwreck Excavation. In addition, the fact that the spikes of spears were found stuck at the lower external part of vessels hull created the suspicion that it had sunk due to a pirate attack. The ship, called Kyrenia II was finally launched in June 1984. Katzev oversaw the research of the collection well until his death in 2001; his wife, Susan Katzev, has been leading those efforts since. Approximately one-third aft the bow, the intricately carved mast step was located. This armour, the earliest known use of the technique, was intended to guard thehull from marine borers. American Journal of Archaeology 89: 71101. Worktables and sinks are in use by Miss Frances Talbot who joined the expedition from the Institute of Archaeology, University of London. The tracing of her voyage is yet unfinished; her home port remains unnamed. The wreck of the late fourth-century BC ship off the coast of Kyrenia, Cyprus, was found by Andreas Cariolou in 1965. Just wanted to tell you keep up the fantastic work! Amidships and resting directly on the hull were ten double knobs, resembling yo-yos. Mediterranean Community Past, Present, Future. Early in the season small fragments of thin lead sheets with bronze tacks were also found, and later, larger sheets were uncovered, indicating that the Greek ship had been covered in a sheathing of lead to protect its hull against marine life. Green, J. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th century BC Greek merchant ship. The current position of W KYRENIA is It was clear that these sections would have to be taken apart before they could be preserved. The pirates at the time would have looted the ship, captured the sailors as slaves and sunk it. Here the outer planking is in two layers joined with thick wooden dowels. The ship, called Kyrenia II was finally launched in June 1984. Katzev, M. 1981. The Kyrenia ship was built in Period. The vessel is en route to NINGBO OPL, sailing at a speed of 14.0 knots and expected to arrive there on Dec 23, 08:00. REF4234, Celebrating after the hull's reconstruction (Photo: Susan Katzev). Early in August it was clear that the hull could be entirely exposed and made ready for lifting by the middle of September. Using a compressed-air-driven underwater saw, this side was separated into manageable pieces of approximately one by two meters. 27 stones for hopper-type grain mills had been stacked in three rows along the axis of the ship to serve as ballast. No combination of lifting equipment could be found on the island to manage transfer of a ten-ton load from quayside up over the eighty-foot castle wall. Thus, it will form a most interesting segment in the final study of the merchant ship, bearing, as it does, on both ancient milling technology and trade patterns within the Classical world. REF4239, Steffy measuring timbers (Photo: Susan Katzev). Another part of the cargo comprised 9000 almonds in jars. - 166.62.80.165. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Towards this end the excavation opened its storeroom temporarily to groups in the company of the castle custodian. Fax: 22818228 Ten distinct amphora shapes on board suggest other ports of call, such as Samos in the north. Ed. The task of carefully removing the ship from the seabed took a couple of years. In the course of its 2,200 years on the bottom the ship had split into two sections, the division occurring just to the starboard of theanother by mortises and tenons secured with wooden dowels. The remaining portion exposed after his departure in late August was then plotted with a system of pointing rods. After conservation and reassembly, the hull of the Kyrenia ship is now on display in the Kyrenia ABOVE: Amphora mound prior to excavation(Photo: INA). However, it sank just three miles from the port. information about the methods used by our ancestors in ancient shipbuilding. However, a more permanent and less distracting arrangement needed to be made. CrossRef amphorae used for wine carrying and for the storage of almonds. Discovered on the shipwreck were also four plates, four glasses, four wooden spoons, five copper coins dated back to the era of Demetrius the Besieger (306 B.C. Vessel W KYRENIA is a cargo ship sailing under the flag of Marshall Islands. The replica was named Kyrenia II and was launched Greek-Cypriot diver, Andreas Kariolou, accidentally discovered, in the depths of The Kyrenia Ship is the earliest example of lead sheathing ever being used on a ship. 215.898.4000. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. the sea outside the town of Kyrenia, the trails of a unique relic of antiquity, Get the details of the current Voyage of W KYRENIA including Position, Port Calls, Destination, ETA and Distance travelled - IMO 9211494, MMSI 538009126, Call Sign V7A4351 Again some of the jars contained almonds. However, he lost the position and it took him a further two hundred plus dives to find it again in 1967. London: Archon Books. Your email address will not be published. A commercial 15-metre long ship built in 389 B.C. As much as 50% of the original wood remained. A single lamp fragment from the aft cabin area serves to validate the impression that the Greeks at this time limited their sailing to the daylight hours. 1973. Cariolou, while diving for sponges, came upon a mound of 80 amphoras less than a mile from Kyrenia on the north coast of Cyprus. Important new technical details are revealed, and fresh insights concerning the economics of classical trading ventures can be gleaned from the chronology established for hull maintenance and repairs. ), traces of food supplies (lentils, figs, grapes and olives), an iron key with eight side notches and an iron grill which was either used for cooking or drying the fish or other type of food under the sun. No matter how hard the Turkish invaders try to alter the historic truth regarding the origin of the wreck during the tours they organize, our captive ship will continue to constitute an undisputable testimony proving the timeless bonds between Kyrenia and Greece, as well as a symbol signifying the return of the Kyrenians to their beloved city and district. This nearly two-thousand-year-old victim is the earliest physical evidence of piracy. REF4246, Steffy holding a timber after treatment (Photo: Susan Katzev). REF4248, Steffy reconstructing the hull (Photo: Susan Katzev). The ship is a really well preserved example of its type with 75% of it still intact. Many times the sea would also bring conquerors, but none of them would stay for long. Pavos Valavanis and David Hardy. The vessel W KYRENIA (IMO: 9211494, MMSI 538009126) is a Container Ship built in 2001 (22 years old) and Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. REF4235, Connecting the timbers (Photo: Susan Katzev). After conservation and reassembly, the hull of the Kyrenia ship is now on display in the Kyrenia Crusader Castle on Cyprus. There are only the storms which sweep in without warning against this unprotected coast. Katzev, Susan Womer. The average speed varied from 2 to 6 knots. 1989. The Kyrenia Ship was excavated in the late 1960s and dates to the 3rd Century BC. Kryrenia reconstruction sailing in the Aegean sea. Most of the amphoras were Rhodian in origin and date to the final third of the 4thcentury B.C. Found on board was nearly 400 amphorae for storing wine, grain mill stones for producing grain, almonds, lead weights for fishing and one coin. Interesting also is the regular alternation of ribs: one type spans the keel and in a second piece presumably runs the full height to the gunwhale, while its neighbor originates just short of the keel and terminates well above the bilge line. The archaeology, led by the late Michael Katzev and now being completed by Susan Katzev, showed that sometime around 306 B.C., the ship, with a four-person crew from Rhodes, was overcome and sank in what seems to have been a pirate attack that left eight iron spear points embedded in the hull. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. The discovery of the ancient shipwreck of Kyrenia, as well as the scientific studies which followed and still continue to be conducted, created an important opportunity for the ancient naval architecture and navigation to be studied. The northern coasts of Cyprus were named the Coasts of the Achaeans and it was where Cepheus, Praxander and other Achaean compatriots of theirs founded Kyrenia, Lapithos and other housings in the northern part of Cyprus. Cyprus/Kyrenia Mountains and North Coast. Among the cargo recovered were Covering the ship with silt would not be sufficient to arrest this totally nor to insure that marine life would not attack the wood anew. We followed the procedure of the past year, diving in teams of two to six and spending forty minutes working time on the bottom each morning and thirty minutes in the afternoon. Due to the Planking was erected in classical "shell-first" fashion, its edges held together by closely spaced mortise-and-tenon joints. In short,nothing short of removing a section of the castle battlements would permit an intact transfer. The president of the Hellenic First the ribs were removed and turned on their sides into newrigid lifting trays designed to meet their greatest length. " KYRENIA II ", Ship model by Chef Andros. Ancient shipwrecks have been found elsewhere in the Mediterranean Sea and the The King's Manor, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK, Harpster, M. (2019). Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 1954 Press Photo Aerial view of the harbor at Kyrenia, Cyprus - pix27425 at the best online prices at eBay! In the winter of 1967 a This represented a considerable increase over the 1968 campaign. In cooperation with the National Geographic Society Mr. Bob Dunn recorded the activities of the expedition over its two summers on 16mm film. A break in the ships keel had been fixed, and the hull was protected with pitch and a skin of lead sheathing, added towards the end of her life. before continuing eastwards to her destruction in Cyprus. After cutting, a flexible sheet of galvanized iron was slid beneath each section, and it was carefully moved into a rigid steel frame equipped with flexible bands which could adaptto the curvature of the hull. The Kyrenia shipwreck (Kbrs gemisi) museum is located inside Kyrenia Castle. The reconstruction of the Kyrenia ship, 19721975. Katzev, M. 1990. Grid 4B (gap, under hull) Four wooden spoons, four oil jugs, four salt dishes and four drinking cups recovered in the shipwreck suggest that her crew on her last voyage consisted of four seamen. 6), Nara, the old Japanese capital, for the Silk Road Exhibition, Seville for the World Fair, Hamburg for its 700 years commemoration and ten different Greek towns. The wreck was very well preserved with approximately 75% of the ship still in good condition. Lastly, the thought that over the winter clandestine sport divers might find the timbers tempting as relics or treasure made our decision incontestable: to undertake the hull-raising immediately. recovered in the bow area, possibly belonging to the crew, and consisting of This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Sign in Sign up for FREE Prices and download plans All rights reserved. Hello! PubMedGoogle Scholar. Franais : pave de navire marchand grec antique retrouv Kyrenia (Chypre). Next the mast step complex and keel were lifted, and finally the outer planks were cut into manageable lengths and raised. REF4241, Steffy installing the timbers after treatment (Photo: Susan Katzev). Cape Andreas expedition, 1969. Your email address will not be published. 1974. Katzev, M. 1974. Katzev, Susan Womer. Just forward of the bow cabin area lay two concentrations of lead weights once attached to fishing nets. In around 288 B.C. Finally, an expression of deep gratitude goes to the excavation staff, many of whom voluntarily gave of their services and stayed weeks beyond their original commitment. All these bits of evidence suggest that the ship sailed southwards along the coast of Anatolia calling at Samos, Kos and Rhodes before continuing eastwards to her destruction in Cyprus. : Kyrenia shipwreck. An unexpected refinement aboard the Kyrenia merchantman is an inkwell found adhering to the concretion of iron in the stern. Deutsch: The Kyrenia ship. Its star attraction, the Kyrenia shipwreck, is a 4th century B.C Greek merchant ship and is the oldest example of a Greek ship to be discovered. Michael Katzev of the American The remaining hull was raised, conserved and reconstructed. (c) It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. This nearly two-thousand-year-old victim is the earliest physical evidence of piracy. What tragedy, then, sent their ship to the bottom here, less than a mile from the ancient anchorage at Kyrenia? best-preserved ship of the Classical period of Greek civilisation ever found to REF4254, e-mail: info@nauticalarch.org phone: 979.845.6694. almonds, the bronze coins and the radio carbon dating on the hull indicated that Position & Voyage Data Track on Map Add Photo Add to fleet NINGBO OPL ETA: Dec 23, 08:00 Ningbo Anch., China ATA: Dec 23, 09:56 UTC Map position & Weather Newer position via Satellite A diver would then attach a line from the barge and fill the lifting balloon. All of the artifacts recovered in Incidentally, this last was generously suggested by the Antiquities Department of Cyprus but gratefully declined by the expedition. There is no evidence of fire or piracy. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Turkish invasion this magnificent testimony of ancient shipbuilding is presently The ship is approximately 47 feet in length and 15 feet wide. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. It is said that these lead tablets are hammered onto a ship by pirates before scuttling it to curse the ship in order to protect themselves from their deeds. The vessel itself was a Greek merchant ship and had a cargo of as many as 500 amphoras which belonged to ten different shape types. Nor did we know how far the ships small objects of wood or pottery had been thrown when the vessel jolted to its final resting place on the sea bottom. http://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-kyrenia-shipwreck/, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrenia_ship. During the previous summer we had cleared more than 300 amphoras from the upper levels, had come upon a cargo of stone grain mills beneath them, and excavateda small trench to expose a tantalizing look at the ships hull. Katzev, M. 1975. A fourth bronze coin appeared amidst the weights from the second net just forward of the cabin. Sailing with him were at least three other crew members, perhaps some of them with vested interests in the cargo. in Piraeus on June 22, 1985. sand. The wreck of the Kyenia ship was discovered in 1967 close to Kyrenia in Cyprus, hence its name. We were fortunate that more than 50% of the staff were members returning from the previous summer. During the summer of 1969 the expedition to Kyrenia completed excavation of the Greek ship, accomplishing what had been projected as two seasons of diving in one expanded campaign The first phase of our 1969 diving season was excavation of the entire circumference of the wreck site. Correspondence to from http://www.shipping.gov.cy/history/kyrenia_ii.htm. Kyrenia II was exhibited at the Mystic Seaport Museum in Connecticut, in New York (fig. National Geographic Society Research Reports 13, pp. In such a gale the sailors would have first thrown out anchors, hoping to ride out the sea. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3151-2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3151-2, eBook Packages: Springer Reference HistoryReference Module Humanities and Social Sciences, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_3151-1, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Fifty-four archaeologists, divers and other scientists worked for three years in order to raise, reassemble and finally display the ship at the Castle of Kyrenia, thus reviving its history and linking the era of Alexander the Great and ancient Cyprus with the present. Early Hellenistic. Several repairs have been recorded for this ship: replacement of a frame and several planks, installation of a bilge sump, relocation of the mast step, repair of a cracked keel, wood sheathing in the bow, and a layer of lead sheathing over the entire hull. We have reason to believe that they abandoned ship and made an attempt to reach shore. this context the importance of the Kyrenia Ship is significant, as it is the Translated by David Hardy, ed. We concluded that the vessel would best be cut up into convenient sizes for the lift and subsequent transfer through the castle doorways. 24 The construction of the Kyrenia II was most helpful in understanding the shell-first method and other structural details4, while the over 2000 nautical miles covered in sea trials and The vessel W KYRENIA (IMO: 9211494, MMSI 538009126) is a Container Ship built in 2001 (22 years old) and currently sailing under the flag of Marshall Islands . REF4243, Recording the hull timbers on the seabed (Photo: Susan Katzev). As years went by, the residents of the Achaean Coasts built villages, cities and their history with their own sweat and blood, while during turbulent times they had to help Digenes defeat Charon, they escorted Regaena to her castles and enjoyed the results of their achievements and labour among the scents of the lemon trees and the carob trees. It is now exhibited in the Ancient Shipwreck Museum in Kyrenia Castle. 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