While serving as a squadron flagship, Scharnhorst carried an additional 10 officers and 61 enlisted men. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. The German force quickly fled north before using inclement weather to make the dash south through the North Sea. Career overview - years in numbers Shell splinters started a fire in the ammunition magazine, which forced the Germans to flood both forward magazines to prevent an explosion. The rear turret was disabled and 48 men were killed. [69], At 16:17, Duke of York made radar contact with Scharnhorst; thirty minutes later, Belfast illuminated the German battleship with star shells. By 08:00, Scharnhorst had reached the Jade Bight but ice prevented the ship from entering Wilhelmshaven. Meanwhile, the five German destroyers continued searching for the convoy without success. Birth: 18 Nov 1880: Death: 7 Jul 1887 (aged 6) Warren County, Missouri, USA . [7][77] The ship sank in approximately 290m (950ft) of water. Vanya Eftimova Bellinger is the author of Marie von Clausewitz: The Woman Behind the Making of On War. The Education of the Enlightened Soldier. MCU Journal Vol. To use this feature, use a newer browser. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. [17] Friedrich Wilhelm agonized for weeks but decided to throw all the nations weight and energy behind the anti-Napoleonic coalition. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. Geni requires JavaScript! Scharnhorst steamed to Gotenhafen in late October for a new rudder, the design of which was based on the lessons learned from the torpedoing of Prinz Eugen and Ltzow earlier in the year. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. Please ensure you have given Find a Grave permission to access your location in your browser settings. An educated officer, in Scharnhorsts view, was an empowered officer. In early 1813, with Napoleons return to Central Europe and the Tsars troops in hot pursuit, Prussia faced a perilous choice. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. Richard John Scharnhorst was born on month day 1895, at birth place, Illinois. Gneisenau's Seetakt radar picked up a radar contact at 04:30, which prompted the crews of both vessels to go to combat stations. In English John T. Kuehn offers a concise discussion of Scharnhorsts reforms, see John T. Kuehn, Napoleonic Warfare: The Operational Art of the Great Campaigns (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2015), 174-176. New York Times bestselling author Anne Perry merges family secrets with suspense on the world stage, as darkness bubbles under the surface of a Europe on the brink of change. In June 1794, he was promoted to Major and appointed as a staff officer at the Hanoverian headquarters. The flooding caused a 5degree list, increased the stern draft by almost a meter, and forced Scharnhorst to reduce speed to 20 knots (37km/h; 23mph). The ice had been cleared by noon, permitting Scharnhorst's entrance to Wilhelmshaven. Scharnhorst), Circa 1719 - Hannverschen, Bremen, Prussia, Mar 28 1752 - Eggestedt, Lesum Parish, Bremen, Prussia, Becke Margrethe Gloistein (born Scharnhorst), Eggestedt, Schwanewede, Osterholz, Lower Saxony, Germany, Death of Friedrich Ludewig Scharnhorst at Eggestedt. The original straight stem was replaced with a raised "Atlantic bow." Gerhard had 4 siblings: Johann Friedrich Scharnhorst and 3 other siblings. [27][28] Acasta also hit Scharnhorst's forward superfiring turret with her 4.7" QF guns, which did negligible damage. Try again later. Less than ten minutes later, a shell from Gneisenau struck the bridge and killed Glorious's captain. In the classroom, Scharnhorst emphasized the need for young military professionals to develop their abilities, based on solid education and independent thinking, to face complex and unexpected problems. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. [76] Of the crew of 1,968 officers and enlisted men, only 36 men survived. During operations off Norway, the two ships engaged the battlecruiser HMSRenown and sank the aircraft carrier HMSGlorious as well as her escort destroyers Acasta and Ardent. 1 (1832): 214. British warships were within 35nmi (65km; 40mi) of Scharnhorst's position when she turned to Stavanger. The British failed to penetrate the Luftwaffe fighter shield, and all six Swordfish were destroyed. Year should not be greater than current year. Verify and try again. [53], Scharnhorst, Tirpitz, and nine destroyers embarked from Altafjord on an offensive on 6 September known as Operation Zitronella; the ships were tasked with bombarding the island of Spitzbergen. Bey planned to attack the convoy at 10:00 on 26 December if the conditions were favorable for the attack. Scharnhorst detected the cruisers with her aft radar and opened fire with her main battery guns before turning away to disengage a second time. The number of 2cm guns was eventually increased to thirty-eight. But most people haven't heard of Operation Berlin, the time 2 German battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau successfully broke out and raided the convoy lanes and influenced Bismarck's fateful mission. MDHHS-InspectorGeneral@michigan.gov. Ltjens ordered Hoffmann to rejoin the flagship immediately. Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). Her occupation was Keeping House. [11], Scharnhorst's first operation began on 21 November 1939;[13] the ship, in company with her sister Gneisenau, the light cruiser Kln, and nine destroyers, was to patrol the area between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. 2015-4 as an independent and autonomous entity within MDHHS. While Scharnhorst was en route under heavy escort on 21 June, the British launched two air attacks, six Swordfish torpedo bombers in the first and nine Beaufort bombers in the second. In early January 1943, the ship was back in service, and after trials, left Germany on 7 January in company with Prinz Eugen and five destroyers. [57] The Germans were concerned with developments in Allied radar-directed fire control, which allowed British battleships to fire with great accuracy in the darkness; German radar capabilities lagged behind those of their opponents. Scharnhorst believed that carefully selected and superbly prepared staff officers, especially when the Prussian Army lacked a leader to rival Napoleons operational genius and charisma, could provide invaluable advice to their commanders, keep them from committing grave mistakes, and enhance the conduct of armies on the battlefield. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. [66], Scharnhorst turned south and attempted to work around the cruisers, but the superior British radar prevented Bey from successfully carrying out the maneuver. Six 53.3cm (21in) above-water torpedo tubes, taken from the light cruisers Nrnberg and Leipzig, were installed in 1942. Landline number (734) 769-8259 . He ruled as an enlightened Prince over his tiny-but-independent principality of some 20,000 people, north of Hanover. Scharnhorst crew. cemeteries found in Concordia, Lafayette County, Missouri, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Edit a memorial you manage or suggest changes to the memorial manager. [67] By 12:00, Scharnhorst was to the northeast of the convoy, but Belfast had reestablished radar contact; it took the cruisers twenty minutes to close the range and begin firing. For the latter requires judgement, which is developed through repeated study of military incidents, and a great amount of past facts that we have to keep in mind. Echoing his mentors approach to teaching in On War, Clausewitz wrote that theory is meant to educate the mind of the future commander, or, more accurately, to guide him in his self-education, not to accompany him to the battlefield; just as a wise teacher guides and stimulates a young mans intellectual development, but is careful not to lead him by the hand for the rest of his life.[10]. [2] We will offer the first English translations of some of these texts. An email has been sent to the person who requested the photo informing them that you have fulfilled their request, There is an open photo request for this memorial. When the French Revolution shook Europe in 1789 and the subsequent First Revolutionary War (1792-1795) thrust the continent into twenty-three years of bloodshed, Scharnhorst had the fame of a great expert. Scharnhorst sank two ships. On 8 March, however, poor weather grounded the British bombers, and so Scharnhorst and four destroyers were able to make the journey to Norway. [77], Coordinates: 7216N 2841E / 72.267N 28.683E / 72.267; 28.683, encountered the British battlecruiser HMS, "How Germany's feared Scharnhorst ship was sunk in WWII", "The Sinking of the 'Scharnhorst', Wreck discovery", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_battleship_Scharnhorst&oldid=1133412044, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 17:33. Though the text is just two paragraphs long, it represents some of his most enduring concepts. Friedrich Georg Sauer (born 1978) is listed at 518 N Magnolia Ave Lansing, Mi 48912 and has no known political party affiliation. After Count Wilhelm died in 1777 and his military academy was disbanded, Scharnhorst returned to the Electorate of Hanover and applied for a position in his home army. She was the lead ship of her class, which included her sister ship Gneisenau. The conning tower was protected with 350mm on the sides. Friedrich Scharnhorst (1734 - 1803) How do we create a person's profile? You have chosen this person to be their own family member. The best method for developing coup doeil, he argued, combined the critical reading of military history, both ancient and modern, with what he called supposing (supponieren), the habit of placing imaginary forces in what-ever real piece of ground happened to be at hand.[6]. [35] Throughout the operation, Scharnhorst had difficulties with the superheater tubes in her boilers. Partial power was eventually restored to the starboard turbine, which allowed speed to be increased to 14 knots (26km/h; 16mph). English [19], Scharnhorst and Gneisenau had reached a point north-west of Lofoten, Norway, by 12:00 on 9 April. [20] Original title Entwickelung der allgemeinen Ursachen des Glcks der Franzosen in dem Revolutionskriege, und insbesondere in den Feldzgen von 1794. You can find its modern German version for instance in Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Ausgewhlte Schriften, edited by Ursula von Gersdorff Osnabrck: Biblio Verlag, 1983), 47-110. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. In early 1943, Scharnhorst joined the Bismarck-class battleship Tirpitz in Norway to interdict Allied convoys to the Soviet Union. I have often seen how deficient, in terms of providing advice, those perform who apply only the facts they have personally experienced. Yet Napoleons general staff remained an organization built around his personal needs, without continuity and authority of its own. [31] Severe storms caused damage to Gneisenau but Scharnhorst was undamaged. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. If you know of things missing or have corrections, please log in and submit them. 35 Squadron RAF and No. A Genius For War: The German Army And General Staff, 18071945. The curriculum at the military academy, as Bruce Gudmundsson writes in his article on Scharnhorsts education, thus centered on defense and siegecraft. [48][49], Scharnhorst did not make the voyage unscathed, however; at 15:31 she struck an air-dropped magnetic mine in the mouth of the Scheldt, abreast of the forward superfiring turret. [16], At 09:15 the following morning, Admiral Hipper was detached to reinforce the destroyers at Narvik, which had reported engaging British forces. The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. Heavy seas and the high speed with which the pair of battleships escaped caused them to ship large amounts of water forward. Carl von Clausewitz. [65] At 08:40, Belfast picked up Scharnhorst on her radar. Five minutes after opening fire, one of Duke of York's 14in (35.6cm) shells struck Scharnhorst abreast of her forward gun turret. The ship reached Brest later that day and went into dry dock for repairs, which took 4 months. On the Life and Character of Scharnhorst. Historical and Political Writings, ed. Reports of heavy activity in British airfields near the coast prompted the force to return to port, however. Yet, he is primarily known as a teacher and mentor to the Wests most influential strategic thinker, Carl von Clausewitzespecially among those less versed in German language and history. The intention was to deploy the vessels to Norway to interdict Allied convoys to the Soviet Union. Among Scharnhorsts collected works, amounting to eight volumes in German, there are numerous essays covering his most important ideas. Races entered: 1: Wins: 0: Podiums: 0: During the Battle of the North Cape (26 December 1943), the Royal Navy battleship HMSDuke of York and her escorts sank Scharnhorst. She did not return to Brest to avoid an undesirable concentration of heavy units in one port (the Prinz Eugen had arrived there on 21 July) but moored alongside at La Pallice on 23 July. Blamed for the disaster at Jena-Auerstedt Prussias aging military brass was pushed out of the service in a swift and shocking move. Shortly after 08:30 on 8 February, lookouts spotted convoy HX 106, escorted by the battleship Ramillies. A pair of U-boats sank a total of 28,488 tons of shipping on the night of 89 March. [5] It would be this generous behavior Scharnhorst would replicate later when interacting with students and subordinates. Afterward, another round of trials were conducted in the Baltic, which revealed the necessity of replacing several of the boiler tubes. Becke Margarethe Gloistein (geb. [47] The fighters flew at masthead-height to avoid detection by the British radar network. Please try again later. Friedrich calls Lansing, MILansing, MI [59], With the rapidly deteriorating military situation for the German Army on the Eastern Front, it became increasingly important to interrupt the flow of supplies from the Western Allies to the Soviet Union. Florence was born on February 21 1895, in Illinois, USA. Christian was born in 1808, in Hannover, Hannover, Niedersachsen, Deutschland. [15] During the brief engagement, Rawalpindi managed to score a hit on Scharnhorst, which caused minor splinter damage. [16], The destruction of the Grande Arme in Russia in 1812 finally provided Prussian reformers with an opportunity to create the long-sought peoples army. To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. In early 1942, after British bombing raids, the two ships made the Channel Dash up the English Channel from occupied France to Germany. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. HMS Jamaica var en ltt kryssare av Fiji-klass i Royal Navy som frdigstlldes under andra vrldskriget.Hon var uppkallad efter den brittiska kolonin Jamaica.Fartyget tillbringade nstan hela sin krigskarrir i arktiska konvojer, med undantag fr en insats sderut fr landstigningarna i Nordafrika i november 1942. The two battleships steamed off to the northwest to search for more shipping. The torpedoes slowed Scharnhorst to 12 knots (22km/h; 14mph), which allowed Duke of York to close to 9,100m (10,000yd). 8:00 am - 5:00 pm ET. The next day, the British trawler HMTJuniper was discovered and sunk, along with the oil tanker Oil Pioneer. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Through reminiscences of a hundred possible but unlikely disasters, they make the general they support anxious. She was powered by three Brown, Boveri & Cie geared steam turbines, which developed a total of 159,551shp; 118,977kW and yielded a maximum speed of 31.5 knots (58.3km/h; 36.2mph) on speed trials. [64] The battleship was hit twice by 20.3cm (8in) shells; the first failed to explode and caused negligible damage, but the second struck the forward rangefinders and destroyed the radar antenna. Distilling seemingly timeless principles of war and claiming that they constituted the secret of the Corsicans astounding victories, Dietrich Heinrich von Blow, Mathieu Dumas, and Antoine-Henri Jomini became best-selling authors. At 13:15, Bey decided to return to base, and at 13:43, he dismissed the destroyers and instructed them to return to port. On the 8th, a serious internal explosion occurred in the aft auxiliary machinery space above the armor deck. Four Allied capital ships, the British Hood, Nelson and Rodney, and the French Dunkerque, followed in pursuit. Vice-Admiral Friedrich Huffmeier , a former captain of the German battlecruiser 'Scharnhorst', presents a picture to Rear-Admiral Morgan. At around the time the last turbine was restarted, a single bomber dropped several bombs approximately 90m (98yd) off Scharnhorst's port side, which caused no damage. You can always change this later in your Account settings. Oops, we were unable to send the email. Thank you for fulfilling this photo request. This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. Almost nothing of his extensive literary estate is translated into English, however. We have set your language to [71], At around 18:00, another 14in shell struck the ship on the starboard side, passed through the thin upper belt armor, and exploded in the number 1 boiler room. The few instances of this personal experience now become the yardstick, and all similar occurrences are judged according to them, even if the circumstances and the results are marked by a greater diversity. He was, in fact, born in the Electorate of Brunswick-Lneburg (better known by its most important city Hanover), and not Prussia, on November 12, 1775. Nothing in Scharnhorsts early life suggested that he would become a great military reformer and a Prussian war hero. In 1800, he accepted Friedrich Wilhelm III's offer of elevation to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and ennoblement. Have a response or an idea for your own article? The Royal Navy joined in the attacks on the ship by sending the battleship Rodney and the aircraft carrier Ark Royal. The fourth hit the ship in the bow. As Gudmundsson writes: In dEstorffs view, the ability of a leader to succeed in the small war was dependent on their ability to make, in a very short period of time, an accurate estimate of the tactical possibilities of a particular piece of ground, a faculty that he, like so many of his contemporaries, called by the French coup doeil (or strike of the eye). The so-called "Channel Dash", codenamed Operation Cerberus, would avoid the increasingly effective Allied radar and patrol aircraft in the Atlantic. It consisted of three measuresabandoning all restrictions on the purchase of nobles land to liberalize land ownership and agriculture; opening all occupations to persons of all classes, in effect ending the closed guilds and thus creating a competitive labor market; and abolishing hereditary servitude in the form of serfdom. By 3 February, the two battleships had evaded the last British cruiser patrol, and had broken into the open Atlantic. Simultaneously, Scharnhorst created the Military Society (Militrische Gesellschaft), where many of the ideas and personalities would emerge that later transformed the Prussian Army and ultimately led it to its victory over Napoleon. In his biography of Clausewitz, Peter Paret offers a summary of Scharnhorsts life and ideas: Peter Paret, Clausewitz and the State:The Man, His Theories, and His Times (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985 ), 56-77. [57] On 22 September, a pair of British X-craft mini-submarines attacked and seriously damaged Tirpitz,[58] which reduced the Arctic Task Force to Scharnhorst and her five escorting destroyers. They would, perhaps, never dare an audacious thought because no similar case from history, crowned with success, gives them the necessary confidence. Remove advertising from a memorial by sponsoring it for just $5. Friedrich Scharnhorst (1834 - 1892) How do we create a person's profile? For the defense of his tiny country, Count Wilhelm relied mostly on his and his officers ability to resist foreign invasion and seizure of the states fortresses. Nothing of his most enduring concepts service in a swift and shocking move often seen How deficient, in,. Found within kilometers of your location in your browser settings contact [ emailprotected ] convoy without success memorial using Edit! Searching for the attack in his article on Scharnhorsts education, thus centered on defense and siegecraft providing advice those! Of his extensive literary estate is translated into English, however review the memorials and decide if should! Contact at 04:30, which took 4 months ( borders, embellishments person. The Atlantic score a hit on Scharnhorst, which caused minor splinter damage number of 2cm was... ] Severe storms caused damage to Gneisenau but Scharnhorst was born on February 1895... 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Turret was disabled and 48 men were killed and 3 other siblings to be increased to thirty-eight 40mi of. You can always change this later in your browser settings long, represents. Ship Gneisenau can always change this later in your browser settings carrier Ark.! Tiny-But-Independent principality of some 20,000 people, north of Hanover, please contact [ ]. Javascript in your browser 's settings to use this feature, use a newer browser intention was deploy. He ruled as an enlightened Prince over his tiny-but-independent principality of some 20,000,! Military brass was pushed out of the boiler tubes, along with the superheater tubes in her boilers in swift! Early life suggested that he would become a great military reformer and a Prussian War hero your (! That he would become a great military reformer and a Prussian War hero this account already exists but...